Atomic theory

 Dalton's Atomic Theory :-

 The atomic theory of matter was first proposed on a firm scientific basis by John Dalton, a British school teacher in 1808.His theory called Dalton's atomic theory regarded  the atom as the ultimate particle of matter In 1808,Dalton published 'A New System of chemical Philosophy ' in which he proposed the following :-

(a) Matter consists of indivisible atoms. 

(b) All the atoms of a given element have identical properties including identical mass. Atoms of different elements differ in mass. 

(c) Compounds are formed when atom of different elements combine in a fixed ratio. 

(d) Chemical reactions involve reorganisation of atoms. These are neither  created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction .

The major problems before the scientists at that time were :-

1.To account for the stability of atom after the discovery of sub-atomic particles. 

2.To compare the behaviors of one element from other in terms of both physical and chemical properties. 

3.To explain the formation of different kinds of molecules by the combination of different atoms 

4.Ro understand the origin and nature of the characteristics of electromagnetic radia,tion absorbed or emitted by atoms. 

Towards the end of the nineteen century, it was proved experimentally that atoms are divisible and consists of three fundamental particles :-Electrons, Protons and neutrons. The discovery of sub-atomic particles led to the proposal of various atomic models to explain the structure of atom 

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